摘要 :
In the past several years, rechargeable zinc batteries, featuring the merits of low cost, environmental friendliness, easy manufacturing, and enhanced safety, have, attracted much attention. Zinc (Zn) anodes for zinc metal batteri...
展开
In the past several years, rechargeable zinc batteries, featuring the merits of low cost, environmental friendliness, easy manufacturing, and enhanced safety, have, attracted much attention. Zinc (Zn) anodes for zinc metal batteries play an important role. In this review, the fundamental understanding of these batteries and modification strategies to deal with the problematic issues for Zn anodes, including dendrite growth, corrosion, and the hydrogen evolution phenomenon will be summarized. The practical application of Zn anodes can still lead to Zn dendrites, various side reactions, and serious safety risks. Therefore, metal-free anodes for “rocking chair” zinc ion batteries to replace Zn anodes are systemically reviewed. The performance and the zinc storage mechanism of metal-free anodes will be discussed. Subsequently, a “rocking chair” zinc ion battery prototype selected as a recent example is assessed to explore the merits and demerits of Zn anodes and metal-free anodes. To conclude, a perspective on the future of zinc metal batteries and “rocking chair” zinc ion batteries is presented. It is hoped that this review may provide for further improvement of commercial rechargeable zinc batteries.
收起
摘要 :
Over the past few decades, photopolymerization technology has rapidly evolved and been successfully applied in different fields, ranging from coating, personalized items (e.g., jewelry design and electronic components), dental and...
展开
Over the past few decades, photopolymerization technology has rapidly evolved and been successfully applied in different fields, ranging from coating, personalized items (e.g., jewelry design and electronic components), dental and food industries, to emerging fields such as surgical medical devices and biomaterials. In response to the requirement for “green chemistry”, newly developed safe, conservative, low-energy, and simple-to-use light-emitting diodes (LED) have gradually replaced traditional light sources like high-pressure/medium-pressure mercury lamps or xenon lamps. In order to minimize the environmental impact of photopolymerization technology, additional efforts are being made to develop safe and nontoxic new photoinitiators/photoinitiating systems and monomers. Biogenic sources (flowers, fruits, vegetables, animal species, etc.) or biomimetic molecules have been identified as the most promising candidates for bio-based photoinitiators. This review mainly summarizes the current progress from 2018–2022 in photopolymerization for bio-based photoinitiators/photoinitiator systems, along with presents conditions for monomers derived from natural products.
收起
摘要 :
Serotonin (5-HT), a neurotransmitter, is essential for normal and pathological pigmentation processing, and its receptors may be therapeutical targets. The effect and behavior of the 5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7R) in melanogenesis in hig...
展开
Serotonin (5-HT), a neurotransmitter, is essential for normal and pathological pigmentation processing, and its receptors may be therapeutical targets. The effect and behavior of the 5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7R) in melanogenesis in high vertebrates remain unknown. Herein, we examine the role and molecular mechanism of 5-HT7R in the pigmentation of human skin cells, human tissue, mice, and zebrafish models. Firstly, 5-HT7R protein expression decreased significantly in stress-induced depigmentation skin and vitiligo epidermis. Stressed mice received transdermal serotonin 5-HT7R selective agonists (LP-12, 0.01%) for 12 or 60?days. Mice might recover from persistent stress-induced depigmentation. The downregulation of tyrosinase (Tyr), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) expression, and 5-HT7R was consistently restored in stressed skin. High-throughput RNA sequencing showed that structural organization (dendrite growth and migration) and associated pathways were activated in the dorsal skin of LP-12-treated animals. 5-HT7R selective agonist, LP-12, had been demonstrated to enhance melanin production, dendrite growth, and chemotactic motility in B16F10 cells, normal human melanocytes (NHMCs), and zebrafish. Mechanistically, the melanogenic, dendritic, and migratory functions of 5-HT7R were dependent on the downstream signaling of cAMP-PKA-ERK1/2, JNK MAPK, RhoA/Rab27a, and PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition and genetic siRNA of 5-HT7R by antagonist SB269970 partially/completely abolished these functional properties and the related activated pathways in both NHMCs and B16F10 cells. Consistently, htr7a/7b genetic knockdown in zebrafish could blockade melanogenic effects and abrogate 5-HT-induced melanin accumulation. Collectively, we have first identified that 5-HT7R regulates melanogenesis, which may be a targeted therapy for pigmentation disorders, especially those worsened by stress.
收起
摘要 :
Ultrasonic washing has been widely applied to the postharvest storage of fruits
and vegetables as a residue-free physical washing technology, which plays an
important role in improving shelf-life, safety, and nutritional value. ...
展开
Ultrasonic washing has been widely applied to the postharvest storage of fruits
and vegetables as a residue-free physical washing technology, which plays an
important role in improving shelf-life, safety, and nutritional value. Phenolics
are a large group of phytochemicals widespread in fruits and vegetables, and
they have been considered potential protective factors against some diseases
because of potent antioxidative properties. Previous studies have shown that
ultrasonic washing can increase the phenolic content of fruits and vegetables
immediately or during storage through the induction of plant stress responses,
which is of great significance for improving the functional and nutritional value
of fruits and vegetables. However, the mechanisms of ultrasound as an elicitor
to improve the phenolic content remain controversial. Therefore, this review
summarizes the applications of ultrasonic washing to increase the phenolic
content in fruits and vegetables. Meanwhile, the corresponding physiological
stress response mechanisms of the phenolic accumulation in terms of immediate
stress responses (i.e., higher extractability of phenolics) and late stress responses
(i.e., metabolism of phenolics) are expounded. Moreover, a hypothetical model
is proposed to explain phenolic biosynthesis triggered by signaling molecules
produced under ultrasound stress, including primary signal (i.e., extracellular
adenosine triphosphate) and secondary signals (e.g., reactive oxygen species,
Ca~（2+）, NO, jasmonates, and ethylene). Additionally, the techno-economic feasibility
of ultrasonic washing technology is also discussed. Further, challenges
and trends for further development of ultrasonic washing as an abiotic elicitor
applied to the postharvest storage of fruits and vegetables are presented.
收起
摘要 :
Zero- to two-dimensional nanomaterials have been incorporated into metal-matrices to improve the strength of metals, but challengingly, high-volume-fraction nanomaterials are difficult to disperse uniformly in metal matrices, seve...
展开
Zero- to two-dimensional nanomaterials have been incorporated into metal-matrices to improve the strength of metals, but challengingly, high-volume-fraction nanomaterials are difficult to disperse uniformly in metal matrices, severely degrading the ductility of conventionally processed metals. Here, a considerably dense uniform dispersion ofin situformed nanoscale lamellar TiC reinforcement (16.1 wt %) in Ti matrix is achieved through laser-tailored 3D printing and complete reaction of Ti powder with a small amount (1.0 wt %) of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). An enhanced tensile strength of 912 MPa and an outstanding fracture elongation of 16% are simultaneously achieved for laser-printed components, showing a maximum 350% improvement in “product of strength and elongation” compared with conventional Ti.In situnanoscale TiC reinforcement favors the formation of ultrafine equiaxed Ti grains and metallurgically coherent interface with minimal lattice misfit between TiC lamellae and Ti matrix. Our approach hopefully provides a feasible way to broaden structural applications of CNTs in load-bearing Ti-based engineering components via laser-tailored reorganization with Ti.
收起
摘要 :
Exosomes are a subset of nano-sized extracellular vesicles originating from endosomes. Exosomes mediate cell-to-cell communication with their cargos, which includes mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. Exosomal RNAs have cell spe...
展开
Exosomes are a subset of nano-sized extracellular vesicles originating from endosomes. Exosomes mediate cell-to-cell communication with their cargos, which includes mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. Exosomal RNAs have cell specificity and reflect the conditions of their donor cells. Notably, their detection in biofluids can be used as a diagnostic marker for various diseases. Exosomal RNAs are ideal biomarkers because their surrounding membranes confer stability and they are detectable in almost all biofluids, which helps to reduce trauma and avoid invasive examinations. However, knowledge of exosomal biomarkers remains scarce. The present review summarizes the biogenesis, secretion, and uptake of exosomes, the current researches exploring exosomal mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of human diseases, as well as recent techniques of exosome isolation.
收起
摘要 :
Sludge from wastewater treatment processes with high water content and large volume has become an inevitable
issue in environmental management. Due to the challenging dewatering properties of sludge, current mechanical
dewaterin...
展开
Sludge from wastewater treatment processes with high water content and large volume has become an inevitable
issue in environmental management. Due to the challenging dewatering properties of sludge, current mechanical
dewatering methods are no longer sufficient to meet the escalating water content standards of sludge. This paper
summarizes the characteristics of various sludge and raises reasons for the their dewaterability differences.
Affected by extracellular polymeric substances, biological sludge is hydrophilic and negatively charged, which
limits the dewatering degree. The rheological properties, flocs, ionic composition, and solid phase concentration
of the sludge also influence the dewatering to some extent. For these factors, the chemical conditioning measures
with simple operation and excellent effect improve its dewaterability, which mainly include flocculation/
coagulation, acid/alkali treatment, advanced oxidation, surfactant treatment and combined treatment. There is a
growing necessity to explore the development of new chemical conditioning agents, even though traditional
agents continue to remain widely used. However, the development of these new agents should prioritize finding a
balance between various factors such as efficiency, effectiveness, ease of operation, environmental safety, and
cost-effectiveness. Electrochemical dewatering enhances solid-liquid separation, and its coupling with chemical
conditioning is also an excellent means to further reduce water content. In addition, the improvement of press
filter is an effective way, which is influenced by pressure, processing time, sludge cake thickness and pore
structure, filter media etc. In general, it is essential to develop new conditioning agents and enhance mechanical
filtration press technology based on a thorough understanding of various sludge properties. Concurrently, an indepth
study of the principles of mechanical pressure filtration will contribute to establishing a theoretical
foundation for effective deep sludge dewatering and propel further advancements in this field.
收起
摘要 :
Although the eco-innovation phenomenon concerning green growth has received increasing attention over the past several years, methodological and theoretical approaches for investigating this phenomenon are poorly developed. Agains...
展开
Although the eco-innovation phenomenon concerning green growth has received increasing attention over the past several years, methodological and theoretical approaches for investigating this phenomenon are poorly developed. Against this context, this research analyses the relationship between business opportunity identification factors and enterprises' sustainable business growth by exploring the mediating effect of eco-innovation strategy. Using data from Tunisian agricultural and agri-food enterprises, we chose a Structural equation modelling to assess the relationships among variables. According to statistical results: 1) business opportunity identification factors are positively associated with eco-innovation strategy and enterprises' sustainable business growth; 2) eco-innovation strategy has positive relationship with enterprises' sustainable business growth; 3) eco-innovation strategy mediates the relationship between business opportunity identification factors and enterprises' sustainable business growth, which serves as an innovative behaviour for entrepreneurs to make some profits. We provide suggestions for the future in the area of sustainable development and entrepreneurship.
收起
摘要 :
Zinc finger, BED-type containing 6 (ZBED6) is a novel transcription factor that was identified and shown to act as a repressor of IGF2 transcription in skeletal muscle myogenesis and development. The aims of this study were to det...
展开
Zinc finger, BED-type containing 6 (ZBED6) is a novel transcription factor that was identified and shown to act as a repressor of IGF2 transcription in skeletal muscle myogenesis and development. The aims of this study were to determine ZBED6 expression level and examine the association of the ZBED6 polymorphism with growth traits in Qinchuan beef cattle. The bovine ZBED6 mRNA was detected in eight tissues by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), being highly expressed in skeletal muscle. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified the bovine ZBED6 by sequencing pooled DNA samples (Pool-Seq) and forced polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (forced PCR-RFLP) methods. In this study, we reported one mutation in the promoter and two missense mutations in the coding regions within the bovine ZBED6 gene, and the haplotype variability and extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in 817 individuals from the Qinchuan (QC) and Chinese Holstein (CH). We also investigated haplotype structure and linkage disequilibrium coefficients for three SNPs of ZBED6 in the study populations. The result of haplotype analysis of three SNPs showed that eight different haplotypes were identified in two breeds. The wild-type haplotype (Hap 1: GCA) and mutant-type haplotype (Hap 8: AGG) shared by two populations accounted for 29.8%, 57.5%, and 8.6%, 0% of all haplotypes observed in QC and CH, respectively. The statistical analyses indicated that three SNPs, 23 combined genotypes, and 8 haplotypes were significantly associated with different growth traits in the QC cattle population (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The mutant-type variants and mutant haplotype were superior for growth traits; the heterozygote diplotype was associated with higher growth traits compared to the wild-type homozygote. The results of this study suggest that the ZBED6 gene possibly is a strong candidate gene that affects growth traits in QC beef cattle breeding program.
收起
摘要 :
As the germ of a highly productive oil tree species, Styrax tonkinensis seeds have great potential to produce biodiesel and they have marvelous fatty acid (FA) composition. In order to explore the molecular regulatory mechanism of...
展开
As the germ of a highly productive oil tree species, Styrax tonkinensis seeds have great potential to produce biodiesel and they have marvelous fatty acid (FA) composition. In order to explore the molecular regulatory mechanism of FA biosynthesis in S. tonkinensis seeds after methyl jasmonate (MJ) application, transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques were adopted so as to dissect the genes that are related to FA biosynthesis and their expression levels, as well as to discover the major FA concentration and composition. The results revealed that 200 μmol/L of MJ (MJ200) increased the crude fat (CF) mass fraction and generated the greatest impact on CF accumulation at 70 days after flowering. Twenty FAs were identified, among which palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were the major FAs, and the presence of MJ200 affected their concentrations variously. MJ200 could enhance FA accumulation through elevating the activity of enzymes that are related to FA synthesis. The number of differentially expressed genes increased with the seeds’ development in general. Fatty acid biosynthesis, the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid, fatty acid elongation and glycerolipid metabolism were the main lipid metabolism pathways that were found to be involved. The changes in the expression levels of EAR, KAR, accA, accB and SAD2 were consistent with the changes in the CF mass fraction, indicating that they are important genes in the FA biosynthesis of S. tonkinensis seeds and that MJ200 promoted their expression levels. In addition, bZIP (which was screened by weighted correlation network analysis) also created significant impacts on FA biosynthesis. Our research has provided a basis for further studies on FA biosynthesis that is regulated by MJ200 at the molecular level and has helped to clarify the functions of key genes in the FA metabolic pathway in S. tonkinensis seeds.
收起
原文获取